netwyman

WiFi Protected Access WPA is a security protocol designed to create secure wireless (Wi-Fi) networks. It is similar to the WEP protocol, but offers improvements in the way it handles security keys and the way users are authorized. Wifi Protected Access WPA referred to as the draft IEEE 802.11i standard became available in 2003. The Wi-Fi Alliance made it as an intermediate measure in anticipation of the availability of the more secure and complex WPA2, which became available in 2004 which is a common shorthand for the full IEEE 802.11i (or IEEE 802.11i-2004) standard. For an encrypted data transfer to work, both systems on the beginning and end of a data transfer must use the same encryption/decryption key. While WEP provides each authorized system with the same key, WPA uses the temporal key integrity protocol (TKIP), which dynamically changes the key that the systems use. This prevents intruders from creating their own encryption key to match the one used by the secure network...

Here I am going to discussion about Ether-Channel standards name as PAgP and LACP protocol. So, first of all I am giving you some details for what is Ether-Channel. What is Ether-Channel? Ether-channel port channel is the way to connect two different switches with two or more links and make them bundled in such a way that it looks like to be a single link. It is used to provide high speed links and redundancy. Maximum of 8 links can be aggregated to form a single logical link. Ether Channel PAgP Protocol: PAgP is a Cisco proprietary negotiation protocol. Port Aggregation Protocol is used to achieve the same goal as LACP. also it is used for the automated, logical aggregation of Ethernet switch ports, Which know n as an Ethernet Channel. This protocol over Static configuration is that is one, it does a configuration check on participating interfaces, as well as confirms that the neighboring interfaces are also using PAgP. That means that it guarantees that interfaces that don’t...

Dynamic routing Protocol performs the same function as static routing Protocol does. In dynamic routing Protocol, if the destination is unreachable then an another entry, in the routing table, to the same destination can be used. One of the routing Protocol is EIGRP. EIGRP: Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)  is a dynamic routing Protocol which is used to find the best path between any two layer 3 device to deliver the packet. EIGRP works on network layer Protocol of osi model and uses the protocol number 88.It uses metric to find out best path between two layer 3 device (router or layer 3 switch) operating EIGRP.   EIGRP uses the Diffusing-Update Algorithm (DUAL) to determine the most efficient ( least cost ) route to a destination. A DUAL  finite state machine  contains decision information used by the algorithm to determine the least-cost route (which considers distance and whether a destination path is loop-free). Routers running EIGR...

The Spanning Tree Protocol is a network protocol that builds a loop-free logical topology for Ethernet networks. The basic function of STP is to prevent bridge loops and the broadcast radiation that results from them. STP is a protocol. It actively monitors all links of the network. To finds a redundant link, it uses an algorithm, known as the STA (spanning-tree algorithm). The STA algorithm first creates a topology database then it finds and disables the redundant links. Once redundant links are disabled, only the STP-chosen links remain active. If a new link is added or an existing link is removed, the STP re-runs the STA algorithm and re-adjusts all links to reflect the change. STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) automatically removes layer 2 switching loops by shutting down the redundant links. A redundant link is an additional link between two switches. A redundant link is usually created for backup purposes. Just like every coin has two sides, a redundant link, along with...

Routing Commands Well as per my 2.5 + years of experience I know that the Troubleshooting is about three big things: predicting what can happen, determining the anomalies, and investigating why that anomalies happened. also the many network admins break down network infrastructure problems by analyzing the Layer 3 path through the network, hop by hop, in both directions. Below are the basic commands which can help you with Troubleshooting Ping   Show Interface   Show IP Interface   Traceroute   Show Protocols   Show IP Protocols   Telnet   Show running-config   show IP route   Show IP protocol database PING The first most commonly used command is Ping. The ping stands for Packet Internet Groper. It operates in the network layer of the OSI Model and uses the ICMP protocol. It is the first command you must use while troubleshooting a network. The ping command allows you to test whether there is a co...