netwyman

Design Issues in Network Layer Network layer is majorly focused on getting packets from the source to the destination, routing error handling and congestion control. Before learning about design issues in the network layer, let’s learn about it’s various functions. Addressing: Maintains the address at the frame header of both source and destination and performs addressing to detect various devices in network. Packeting: This is performed by Internet Protocol. The network layer converts the packets from its upper layer. Routing: It is the most important functionality. The network layer chooses the most relevant and best path for the data transmission from source to destination. Inter-networking: It works to deliver a logical connection across multiple devices. Network layer design issues: The network layer comes with some design issues they are described as follows: 1. Store and Forward packet switching: The host sends the packet to the nearest route...

High availability (HA) is the ability of a system or system component to be continuously operational for a desirably long length of time. Availability can be measured relative to "100% operational" or "never failing." In information technology (IT), a widely-held but difficult-to-achieve standard of availability for a system or product is known as "five 9s" (99.999 percent) availability. Availability experts emphasize that, for any system to be highly available, the parts of a system should be well-designed and thoroughly tested before they are used. Since a computer system or a network consists of many parts in which all parts usually need to be present in order for the whole to be operational, much planning for high availability centers around backup and failover processing and data storage and access. How availability is measured availability percentage is calculated as Below: Availability = (minutes in a month - minutes of downtime) * 100/...